Families enjoying the dance party at our family conference in 2022

Health Related Quality of Life After Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery

The #1 goal of any epilepsy surgery is either to stop seizures or reduce them. But an important secondary goal is to improve the child’s quality of life.

Thanks to a recent study, we know that epilepsy surgery can save lives. Now, new research shows that epilepsy surgery can also substantially improve a child’s quality of life.

How seizures affect daily living in children with refractory epilepsy

We know that drug-resistant seizures can disrupt a child’s daily life, leading to physical, emotional, cognitive, and psychological consequences.

Physical effects of frequent seizures

Frequent seizures can cause delays in meeting developmental milestones or regression. Children with drug-resistant epilepsy may experience limitations in their mobility and physical activities, making it challenging to participate fully in daily activities like eating and walking.

Emotional and psychological consequences

The emotional and psychological toll of living with drug-resistant epilepsy can be significant for children. The fear and anxiety associated with the unpredictability of seizures can lead to feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and depression. Seizures can profoundly impact social interactions, relationships, education, and overall well-being. A child’s mental health can be very affected by seizures.

Impact on social interactions and relationships

Children with drug-resistant epilepsy may face challenges in forming and maintaining social relationships. The fear of having a seizure in public or being stigmatized due to their condition can lead to social withdrawal and feelings of isolation.

Influence on education and learning

The impact of seizures on a child’s education and learning should not be underestimated. Frequent seizures can disrupt cognitive function, attention, and memory, making it difficult for children with drug-resistant epilepsy to succeed in school.

What is Health-Related Quality of Life?

Health-related quality of life is a person’s or group’s perceived physical and mental health over time. In other words, it’s how good you feel physically and mentally as you go through life.

Epilepsy surgery and health-related quality of life

In the new study, researchers wanted to understand the course of a child’s health-related quality of life if they continued with medication or had epilepsy surgery.

The study involved children between the ages of 4 and 18 who had medication-resistant seizures. The researchers recruited participants from eight hospitals in Canada from 2014 to 2019.

• 265 children participated in this study
• 111 children had epilepsy surgery*
• 154 children received only medication to treat their epilepsy.

*Children who had already had epilepsy surgery, including vagus nerve stimulation and corpus callosotomy, were excluded from this study. Also excluded were children with neurometabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, genetic epilepsy syndromes, and epileptic encephalopathies.

Health-related quality of life improves after epilepsy surgery

The study looked at the health-related quality of life of children over a 2-year period. Researchers asked parents to answer questions from the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire.** The study found that the group of children who had surgery had a greater improvement in their quality of life compared to those who received treatment medication only.

At 6 months after surgery, the health-related quality of life of surgical patients was, on average, 3.0 points higher than the medication group, and at 1 year and 2 years, it was 4.9 and 5.1 points higher, respectively.

The study also found that children who started having seizures later in life, took fewer seizure medications, and had more support from their family tended to have a better quality of life.

• As a group, children who were treated only with medication had no change in their quality of life two years later.
• Individually, some children after surgery had improved quality of life and others had no change.

Social functioning was the main area that improved for the surgery group. The most significant increase in social functioning occurred within the first six months post-surgery, continued to improve over the next six months, and then remained stable two years after surgery.

The study also found that while surgery did not significantly improve physical, cognitive, or emotional functioning over the two-year period, it had an indirect effect on these areas if the child was seizure-free, which led to increased social inclusion, improved autonomy, reduced fear and anxiety, and enhanced opportunities for social interactions.

“This is the largest multi-center study that has assessed health-related quality of life outcome over time after epilepsy surgery in children. Our motivation for the study was driven by families’ desire to know whether epilepsy surgery can improve their child’s quality of life. This study provided evidence that epilepsy surgery in children can improve both seizure control and health-related quality of life, and therefore should NOT be considered the treatment of last resort.”

Dr. Elisa Widjaja, study co-author and Division Head of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago

We need more research

One important cautionary point the researchers in this study noted was that we still need to understand the long term course of quality of life after epilepsy surgery. We know, for example, that seizure freedom after surgery may not last because the brain can develop new areas prone to seizures.

Larger studies with more children are needed before we can predict quality of life after surgery. If you want to help our community and researchers understand quality of life in the long run after surgery, please consider participating in our Global Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Registry. It’s the only patient-powered research project to understand a child’s course of development, including quality of life, after surgery.

You can also rally for research by restricting your donation to our research fund here.